From Urban Runoff Handbook (EPA, 1993)
| Pollutants | Sources | Effects |
| Sediments - TSS, turbidity, dissolved solids | Construction sites, urban/agricultural runoff, landfills, septic fields | Habitat changes, stream turbidity, recreation and aesthetic loss, contaminant transport, bank erosion |
| Nutrients - Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia, Organic Nitrogen, Phosphate, Total Phosphorus | Urban/agricultural runoff, Landfills, septic fields, atmospheric deposition, erosion | Algal blooms, ammonia toxicity, nitrate toxicity |
| Pathogens - Total and fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, viruses, E.Coli, Enterococcus | Urban/agricultural runoff, septic systems, illicit sanitary connections, boat discharges, domestic/wild animals | Ear/intestinal infections, shellfish bed closure, recreation and aesthetic loss |
| Organic Enrichment* - BOD, COD, TOC, DO | Urban/agricultural runoff, landfills, septic fields | Dissolved oxygen depletion, Odors, Fish Kills |
| Toxic Pollutants - metals, organics | Urban/agricultural runoff, pesticides/herbicides, underground storage tanks, hazardous waste sites, landfills, illegal oil disposal, industrial discharges | Bioaccumulation in food chain, Toxicity to humans and other organisms |
| Salts - sodium chloride | Urban Runoff, snowmelt | Vehicular corrosion, contamination to drinking water, harmful to salt-intolerant plants |
| *Note: BOD = Biochemical Oxygen Demand, COD = Chemical Oxygen Demand, TOC = Total Organic Carbon, DO = Dissolved Oxygen | ||
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